insurance agent – commercial undertaking conducting agency activity pursuant to an agreement executed with an insurance undertaking. The activity of agents focuses on acquiring customers, entering into insurance contracts, participating in the administration and performance of insurance agreements and organizing and supervising agency activity.
assurbanking – distribution of banking products by insurance companies.
bancassurance – distribution of insurance products by banks.
BEL – value of the best estimate liability under insurance contracts, the amount required to ensure payment of services and benefits to insureds according to best estimates, i.e., when everything happens according to predictions (best estimate assumptions).
insurance broker – entity holding a permit to conduct brokerage activity. Performs activities on behalf or in favor of an entity seeking insurance cover.
coverage units – coverage units of insurance services used to determine contractual service margin (CSM) amortization schemes.
cross-selling – sales strategy for selling an insurance product in combination with a complementary insurance product or an insurer’s partner’s product, e.g. a bank’s product. Bancassurance products such as credit insurance may serve as an example.
CSM– contractual service margin, a component of the carrying amount of the asset or liability for a group of insurance contracts representing the unearned profit the entity will recognize as it provides insurance contract services. Changes in actuarial assumptions recognized over time are passed through the CSM.
P/BV (Price to Book Value) – indicator specifying the ratio of the market price to the book value per share.
P/E (Price to Earnings) – indicator specifying the ratio of the company’s market price (per share) to earnings per share.
DPS (Dividend Per Share) – market multiple specifying the dividend per share.
DY (Dividend Yield) – market multiple specifying the ratio of the dividend per share to the market share price.
EPS (Earnings Per Share) – market multiple specifying earnings per share.
GMM– General Measurement Model, the default model of IFRS 17, in which insurance liabilities are calculated as the sum of discounted estimated future cash flows (BEL), non-financial risk adjustments and CSM.
IDD – Directive (EU) 2016/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 January 2016 on insurance distribution (Insurance Distribution Directive).
IPO (Initial Public Offering) – public offering of specific securities performed for the first time. One of the most important elements of an initial public offering is the preparation of a prospectus and the proceeding before the institution supervising admission to be traded publicly.
Civil Code – Act of 23 April 1964 entitled Civil Code.
Commercial Company Code – Act of 15 September 2000 entitled Commercial Company Code.
initial recognition (IR)– the date of first recognition of an insurance contract.
non-distinct investment component (NDIC) – represents the portion of the benefit payable to the insured that will always be paid to the insured regardless of whether an insured event occurs.
PAA – Premium Allocation Approach, a simplified approach, where the measurement of the liability for remaining insurance cover is analogous with the unearned premiums mechanism according to IFRS 4 (without a separate presentation of risk adjustment for non-financial risk or contractual service margin), whereas liabilities for paid claims are measured in the same manner as for the general measurement model. The PAA method is applied to short-term contracts that meet the relevant eligibility criteria at initial recognition.
ECSs – Employee Capital Schemes defined by the provisions of the Act of 4 October 2018 on Employee Capital Schemes.
PRIIP – Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/653 of 8 March 2017 supplementing Regulation (EU) No. 1286/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on key information documents for packaged retail and insurance-based investment products.
gross insurance revenue – this is the remuneration expected to be received by the entity in exchange for insurance services provided during the period. In the GMM or VFA model, it includes the contractual service margin solution (CSM) in the amount of the contract profit attributable to the period, the release of the adjustment for non-financial risks during the period, the compensation, benefits and expenses expected during the period, and the portion of the premium associated with the recovery of acquisition costs, and the PAA simplified model includes the amortization of liabilities for remaining coverage.
Insurance Finance Income or Expenses (IFIE) – the effect of time value of money and financial risks and their changes recognized partly in the profit and loss account and partly in other comprehensive income.
gross written premium – the amounts of gross written premiums (net of the reinsurer’s share) due by virtue of the insurance contracts executed in the reporting period, notwithstanding the term of liability stemming from these agreements.
net earned premium – the gross written premium in a given period giving consideration to the settlement of revenues (premiums) over time through movement in the provisions for unearned premiums and the reinsurers’ share.
adjustment for non-financial risk – compensation an entity requires for bearing the uncertainty about the amount and timing of the cash flows that arises from non-financial risk as the entity fulfils insurance contracts.
reinsurance – transfer to some other insurance undertaking – the reinsurer – of all or part of the insured risk or class of risks along with the pertinent portion of the premiums. As a result of reinsurance, a secondary split of risks transpires to minimize the risks to the insurance market.
outward reinsurance – reinsurance activity whereby the insurer (cedent) transfers a portion of the concluded insurance to a reinsurer or reinsurers in the form of a reinsurance agreement.
inward reinsurance – reinsurance activity whereby a reinsurer or reinsurers accept a portion of insurance or a class of insurance transferred by a cedent.
technical provisions (PSR)– provisions that should ensure full coverage of current and future liabilities that may result from executed insurance contracts. The following, in particular, are included in technical provisions: provision for unearned premiums, provision for life insurance, provision for outstanding claims and benefits, provision for unexpired risks, provision for investment risk borne by policyholders and provision for bonuses and discounts for insureds.
RODO – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC.
CRR – Regulation (EU) No. 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions and investment firms (Capital Requirements Regulation).
Regulation on Current and Periodic Information – Finance Minister’s Regulation of 29 March 2018 on Current and Periodic Information Transmitted by Securities Issuers and the Conditions for Recognizing the Information Required by the Regulations of a NonMember State as Equivalent (Journal of Laws of 2018, item 757).
credit scoring – method for assessing the credibility of an entity (usually a natural person or a business) applying for a bank loan. The result of credit scoring is ordinarily presented in the form of a score – the higher the number of points, the greater the credibility of a prospective borrower.
sell-side – part of the financial sector involved in creating, promoting and selling equities, bonds, foreign currencies and other financial instruments; it includes investment bankers who act as intermediaries between securities issuers and investors as well as market makers who provide liquidity on the market. Sell-side analysts release research reports with investment recommendations and daily comments for the buy side, i.e. for asset managers.
Locked-in interest rates – interest rates at initial recognition.
spread – the difference between the purchase and sale price of a financial instrument.
risk-free rate – rate of return on financial instruments with zero risk. In PZU the risk-free rate is based on the yield curves for treasuries and it is the basis for determining transfer prices in settlements between operating segments.
sum insured – amount in cash for which an insured object is insured. In non-life insurance the sum insured ordinarily constitutes the upper limit of the insurer’s liability.
Transition– date of transition to valuation in accordance with IFRS 17 standard, i.e. 1 January 2022.
TSR (Total Shareholder Return) – measure specifying the total rate of return obtained by shareholders by virtue of holding shares in a given company during an annual period. This measure expresses the sum total of profit stemming from the movement in the share price of a given company and the dividends paid during the time when an investor holds its shares in relation to its share value at the beginning of a given year. It is expressed as a percentage on an annualized basis.
Unit-linked – Unit-linked insurance fund, a separate fund consisting of assets constituting a provision consisting of insurance premiums invested in the manner specified in the insurance agreement, a constituent part of unitlinked life insurance also referred to as an investment policy.
UoA (Unit of Account) – a unit of account, the lowest level at which valuation under IFRS 17 is conducted, only at this level compensation of profit and loss of insurance contracts is allowed.
Act on Statutory Auditors – Act of 11 May 2017 on Statutory Auditors, Audit Firms and Public Supervision (Journal of Laws of 2017, Item 1089, as amended).
UOKiK – Office of Competition and Consumer Protection, the Polish anti-trust authority, acting to ensure the development of competition, protect businesses exposed to monopolistic practices and protect consumer interests, www.uokik.gov.pl.
Insurance Activity Act – Act of 11 September 2015 on Insurance and Reinsurance Activity (Journal of Laws of 2015, item 1844), with most regulations in force as of 1 January 2016. This Act introduced Solvency II requirements to the Polish legal system.
release of non-financial risk adjustment (RA) presented in profit or loss – compensation an entity requires for bearing the uncertainty about the amount and timing of the cash flows that arises from nonfinancial risks as the entity fulfils insurance contracts.
release of the contractual service margin (CSM) – contractual service margin release presented in profit or loss – contractual service margin (CSM) is released in the current period based on the proportion of the total insurance service provided in the period.
UX (User Experience) – area related to the experiences of users of the respective tool (or, more broadly, of a process, or interacting with the brand in general). It is associated directly with web usability, which is an empirical field of knowledge dealing with the design and testing of tools (in this case: online tools) in consideration of the needs and preferences of target users. In the context of websites, it involves broadly construed usefulness and effectiveness in attaining specific goals.
VFA – Variable Fee Approach, – method based on the building block approach, applied for contracts with direct participating features, where changes in economic assumptions passes through CSM over the life of contract, method applied e.g. for Unit-Linked contracts.
WIBOR6M – reference interest rate for a loan for 6 months on the Polish interbank market.
Solvency II – solvency system for European insurance undertakings taking the risk profile into account. These requirements have been in force since 1 January 2016.
prudent person principle – principle expressed in article 129 of the Solvency II Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Taking-up and Pursuit of the Business of Insurance and Reinsurance that imposes on insurance undertakings and reinsurance undertakings the requirement of investing assets in the policyholders’ best interest, properly matching investments to liabilities and duly incorporating the various types of financial risk, such as liquidity risk and concentration risk.
liability (or asset) for insurance contracts – replaces in IFRS 17 the existing technical provisions and other balance sheet contributions related to the valuation of insurance contracts. It consists of the Liability for Remaining Coverage and Liability for Incurred Claims).